03
好的,同学。我们按照更新后的四行解析格式,逐句拆解这三句经典长难句。
主干谓语:
主干结构:the most far-reaching(change)has been the inexorable decline(主系表)
谓语动词:
① have taken place(从句谓语,that 令其降级)
② has been(主干谓语)
修饰:
① of All the changes...quarter-century(介词短语,作范围状语,修饰整个主句)
② that have taken place...quarter-century(定语从句,修饰 the changes)
③ in english-language newspapers(介词短语,作地点状语,修饰 have taken place)
④ during the past quarter-century(介词短语,作时间状语,修饰 have taken place)
⑤ in the scope And seriousness(介词短语,作后置定语,修饰 the inexorable decline)
⑥ of their arts coverage(介词短语,作后置定语,修饰 the scope And seriousness)
汉化:
过去25年间,在英文报纸上发生的所有变化中,影响最为深远的或许是艺术报道的覆盖范围和严肃性不可阻挡地缩减。
表格:
主干谓语:
主干结构:It is difficult…to imagine a time(It 为形式主语,真正主语为 to imagine a time...)
谓语动词:
① is(主干谓语)
② could be found(从句谓语,When 令其降级)
修饰:
① to the point of impossibility(介词短语,程度状语,修饰 difficult)
② For the Average reader Under the age of forty(介词短语,逻辑主语,修饰 to imagine)
③ Under the age of forty(介词短语,后置定语,修饰 the Average reader)
④ to imagine a time…(不定式短语,真正主语)
⑤ When high-quality arts criticism could be found…(定语从句,修饰 a time)
⑥ in most big-city newspapers(介词短语,地点状语,修饰 could be found)
汉化:
对于40岁以下的普通读者来说,几乎不可能想象到那样一个时代——那时,在大多数大城市报纸上都能读到高质量的艺术评论。
表格:
分号前主干谓语:
分号前主干:some early societies ceased...And abandoned them 分号后主干谓语:
分号后主干:They retained...the myths...And admired them 谓语动词:
① ceased(分号前主干谓语)
② abandoned(分号前并列主干谓语,And 连接)
③ retained(分号后主干谓语)
④ had grown up(从句谓语,that 令其降级)
⑤ admired(分号后并列主干谓语,And 连接)
修饰:
① for example(插入语,举例状语,修饰全句)
② to consider certain rites essential to their well-being(不定式短语,作 ceased 的宾语)
③ essential to their well-being(形容词短语,宾补,说明 certain rites)
④ nevertheless(连接副词,表转折,连接前后分句)
⑤ as parts of their oral tradition(介词短语,方式状语,修饰 retained)
⑥ that had grown up around the rites(定语从句,修饰 the myths)
⑦ For their artistic qualities(介词短语,原因状语,修饰 admired)
⑧ rather than For their religious usefulness(对比状语,与 For their artistic qualities 并列)
汉化:
例如,一些早期社会不再认为某些仪式对其福祉至关重要,并抛弃了它们;然而,他们却把围绕这些仪式产生的神话作为口头传统的一部分保留了下来,并且赞赏它们,不是因为它们的宗教功用,而是因为它们的艺术品质。
表格:
① of All the changes(that)have taken place in english-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps【the most far-reaching】has been the inexorable decline in the scope And seriousness of their arts coverage.
标记主干:主干谓语:
has been(2个谓语-1个连词=1)主干结构:the most far-reaching(change)has been the inexorable decline(主系表)
谓语动词:
① have taken place(从句谓语,that 令其降级)
② has been(主干谓语)
修饰:
① of All the changes...quarter-century(介词短语,作范围状语,修饰整个主句)
② that have taken place...quarter-century(定语从句,修饰 the changes)
③ in english-language newspapers(介词短语,作地点状语,修饰 have taken place)
④ during the past quarter-century(介词短语,作时间状语,修饰 have taken place)
⑤ in the scope And seriousness(介词短语,作后置定语,修饰 the inexorable decline)
⑥ of their arts coverage(介词短语,作后置定语,修饰 the scope And seriousness)
汉化:
过去25年间,在英文报纸上发生的所有变化中,影响最为深远的或许是艺术报道的覆盖范围和严肃性不可阻挡地缩减。
表格:
| 词组 | 翻译 | 性质 | 修饰对象 |
|---|---|---|---|
| of All the changes | 在所有的变化中 | 介词短语(范围状语) | 整个主句 |
| that | 那些 | 关系代词(从句引导连词) | 指代 the changes,引导定语从句 |
| have taken place | 已经发生 | 动词短语(从句谓语,现在完成时) | 从句主语 that(the changes) |
| in english-language newspapers | 在英文报纸上 | 介词短语(地点状语) | have taken place |
| during the past quarter-century | 在过去25年间 | 介词短语(时间状语) | have taken place |
| perhaps | 或许 | 副词(语气状语) | 整个主句 |
| the most far-reaching | 影响最深远的(变化) | 名词短语(主句主语,省略 change) | 主句主干 |
| has been | 一直是 | 动词短语(主句谓语,现在完成时) | 主句主语 |
| the inexorable decline | 不可阻挡的衰退 | 名词短语(主句表语) | 补充说明主语 |
| in the scope And seriousness | 在范围和严肃性方面 | 介词短语(后置定语) | the inexorable decline |
| of their arts coverage | 它们的艺术报道的 | 介词短语(后置定语) | the scope And seriousness |
② 【It】is difficult to the point of impossibility For the Average reader Under the age of forty to imagine a time(When)【high-quality arts criticism】could be found in most big-city newspapers.
标记主干:主干谓语:
is(2个谓语-1个连词=1)主干结构:It is difficult…to imagine a time(It 为形式主语,真正主语为 to imagine a time...)
谓语动词:
① is(主干谓语)
② could be found(从句谓语,When 令其降级)
修饰:
① to the point of impossibility(介词短语,程度状语,修饰 difficult)
② For the Average reader Under the age of forty(介词短语,逻辑主语,修饰 to imagine)
③ Under the age of forty(介词短语,后置定语,修饰 the Average reader)
④ to imagine a time…(不定式短语,真正主语)
⑤ When high-quality arts criticism could be found…(定语从句,修饰 a time)
⑥ in most big-city newspapers(介词短语,地点状语,修饰 could be found)
汉化:
对于40岁以下的普通读者来说,几乎不可能想象到那样一个时代——那时,在大多数大城市报纸上都能读到高质量的艺术评论。
表格:
| 词组 | 翻译 | 性质 | 修饰对象 |
|---|---|---|---|
| It | 它(形式主语) | 代词(主句主语,形式主语) | 主句主干 |
| is | 是 | 系动词(主句谓语) | 连接主语和表语 |
| difficult | 困难的 | 形容词(主句表语) | 说明 It 的性质 |
| to the point of impossibility | 到了不可能的程度 | 介词短语(程度状语) | difficult |
| For the Average reader | 对于普通读者来说 | 介词短语(逻辑主语) | to imagine |
| Under the age of forty | 四十岁以下的 | 介词短语(后置定语) | the Average reader |
| to imagine a time | 想象一个时代 | 不定式短语(真正主语) | 主句 |
| When | 在那个时代 | 关系副词(从句引导连词) | 引导定语从句,修饰 a time |
| high-quality arts criticism | 高质量的艺术评论 | 名词短语(从句主语) | 定语从句主语 |
| could be found | 可以找到 | 动词短语(从句谓语,被动语态) | 从句主语 |
| in most big-city newspapers | 在大多数大城市报纸上 | 介词短语(地点状语) | could be found |
③ for example, 【some early societies】ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being And abandoned them; nevertheless, 【They】retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths(that)had grown up around the rites And admired them For their artistic qualities rather than For their religious usefulness.
标记主干:分号前主干谓语:
ceased 和 abandoned(并列谓语,And 连接两个并列谓语,不计入连词)分号前主干:some early societies ceased...And abandoned them 分号后主干谓语:
retained 和 admired(并列谓语,And 连接两个并列谓语,不计入连词)分号后主干:They retained...the myths...And admired them 谓语动词:
① ceased(分号前主干谓语)
② abandoned(分号前并列主干谓语,And 连接)
③ retained(分号后主干谓语)
④ had grown up(从句谓语,that 令其降级)
⑤ admired(分号后并列主干谓语,And 连接)
修饰:
① for example(插入语,举例状语,修饰全句)
② to consider certain rites essential to their well-being(不定式短语,作 ceased 的宾语)
③ essential to their well-being(形容词短语,宾补,说明 certain rites)
④ nevertheless(连接副词,表转折,连接前后分句)
⑤ as parts of their oral tradition(介词短语,方式状语,修饰 retained)
⑥ that had grown up around the rites(定语从句,修饰 the myths)
⑦ For their artistic qualities(介词短语,原因状语,修饰 admired)
⑧ rather than For their religious usefulness(对比状语,与 For their artistic qualities 并列)
汉化:
例如,一些早期社会不再认为某些仪式对其福祉至关重要,并抛弃了它们;然而,他们却把围绕这些仪式产生的神话作为口头传统的一部分保留了下来,并且赞赏它们,不是因为它们的宗教功用,而是因为它们的艺术品质。
表格:
| 词组 | 翻译 | 性质 | 修饰对象 |
|---|---|---|---|
| for example | 例如 | 插入语(举例状语) | 全句 |
| some early societies | 一些早期社会 | 名词短语(分句一主语) | 分句一主干 |
| ceased | 停止/不再 | 动词(分句一谓语①) | 主语 some early societies |
| to consider certain rites | 认为某些仪式 | 不定式短语(ceased 的宾语) | ceased |
| essential to their well-being | 对其福祉至关重要 | 形容词短语(宾补) | certain rites |
| And | 并且 | 并列连词(连接并列谓语) | 连接 ceased 和 abandoned |
| abandoned | 抛弃了 | 动词(分句一谓语②) | 主语 some early societies |
| them | 它们 | 代词(分句一宾语) | abandoned 的宾语 |
| nevertheless | 然而 | 连接副词(转折状语) | 连接前后分句 |
| They | 他们 | 代词(分句二主语) | 分句二主干 |
| retained | 保留了 | 动词(分句二谓语①) | 主语 They |
| as parts of their oral tradition | 作为口头传统的一部分 | 介词短语(方式状语) | retained |
| the myths | 那些神话 | 名词短语(retained 的宾语,后置) | retained 的宾语 |
| that | 那些 | 关系代词(从句引导连词) | 指代 the myths,引导定语从句 |
| had grown up | 已经产生/形成 | 动词短语(从句谓语) | 从句主语 that(the myths) |
| around the rites | 围绕这些仪式 | 介词短语(地点状语) | had grown up |
| And | 并且 | 并列连词(连接并列谓语) | 连接 retained 和 admired |
| admired | 赞赏 | 动词(分句二谓语②) | 主语 They |
| them | 它们 | 代词(分句二宾语) | admired 的宾语 |
| For their artistic qualities | 因为它们的艺术品质 | 介词短语(原因状语) | admired |
| rather than | 而不是 | 连词(连接比较状语) | 连接前后两个介词短语 |
| For their religious usefulness | 因为它们的宗教功用 | 介词短语(原因状语) | 与 artistic qualities 对比 |